中国科学技术史学会于1980年10月成立，是中国科技史事业发展进程中的一个里程碑。文章基于学会成立的档案与相关文献，探讨了中国科学技术史学科在机遇和挑战之下成立学会的全过程。中国科学技术史学会在科技史历史上具有广泛的影响力，完成了团结科技史学科的任务，为学者提供了交流的平台，推进了国际学术交流，促进了学科研究领域的拓展，并形成了具有组织制度的学术共同体，是科技史学科建制化的继续完善。

The Chinese Society for the History of Science and Technology (CSHST) was established in October 1980， which is a milestone in the development of the cause of Chinese history of science. Based on the archives and related documents of the establishment of the society， this paper discusses the whole process of the establishment of the CSHST under the opportunities and challenges. The CSHST has extensive influence in the history of science and technology. It has completed the task of uniting the discipline of the history of science and technology， provided a platform for scholars to promote international academic exchanges， promoted the expansion of the field of discipline research， and formed an academic community with an organizational system， which is the continuous improvement of the scientific establishment of science and technology history.