晚清以降，随着中国门户洞开，西方人纷纷前来中国进行博物学考察，鸟类学便是其中的一个重要门类。在中国鸟类学考察和研究上，美国公理会传教士万卓志是一位长期坚持并做出了重要贡献的学者。他在前人研究基础上，结合自己的鸟类考察，发表了众多鸟类学成果，尤其是与祁天锡、慕维德合作编纂的《中国鸟类目录试编》，堪称当时最全面的中国鸟类目录。本文依据丰富的西文档案、万卓志的著述及相关报刊资料，首先梳理他的教育背景和生平，揭示其鸟类学机缘及汉学成就;其次还原他在中国的鸟类考察活动、与西方鸟类学同行和中国人的互动往来;最后对他的鸟类学著作进行深入分析，阐述他在鸟类中文命名方面的工作和在中国鸟类学史上的独特贡献，希冀为近代中西方科学交流提供一个重要的案例。

  With the opening of China’s gates in the late Qing Dynasty, more and morewesterners came to China for scientific investigations，of which ornithological research was one of theimportant parts. George Durand Wilder(1869—1946), a missionary of the American Congregational Church, persisted in ornithological surveys and research for a long time and made important contributions therein. On the basis of studies of previous scholars and his own investigations, hepublished many ornithological works，especially A Tentative List of Chinese Birds compiled incooperation with Nathaniel Gist Gee(1876—1937) and Lacy Irvine Moffett(1878—1957), which was the most comprehensive catalogue of Chinese birds at that time. Based on rich archives，Wilder’s writings，and relevant newspaper materials，this paper firstly presents his life and educationalbackground and reveals the origin of his ornithological studies.Secondly，it investigates hisornithological research activities in China and his interactions with Western colleagues and Chinesepeople. Thirdly，this paper makes an in-depth analysis of his works on ornithology，expounds hiswork on the Chinese naming of birds and his unique contribution to Chinese ornithology，hoping toprovide an important case for the scientific exchange between China and the West in the first half ofthe 20th century．