| 中文题目: | 中国传统坩埚炼铅技术——基于文献和考古的综合研究 | ||||||
| 英文题目: | Traditional Chinese Technology of Crucible Lead Smelting: A Comprehensive Study Based on Historical Records and Archaeological Findings | ||||||
| 作 者: | 周文丽 | ||||||
| 刊物名称: | Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology | ||||||
| 发表年度: | 2021 | ||||||
| 卷: | 5 | ||||||
| 期: | 1 | ||||||
| 页码: | 27–57 | ||||||
| 中文摘要: | 坩埚炼铅是中国特有的一种传统炼铅技术，即在坩埚中用金属铁从硫化铅中还原出铅。近年来在北方地区发现一批辽金元时期（公元一千纪后期至二千纪前期）的坩埚炼铅遗址，为研究该技术提供了契机。本文将基于文献和考古两方面证据，以使用的坩埚为重点，对该技术进行综合研究。首先，回顾有关坩埚炼铅的文献资料，详细介绍清代甘肃坩埚炼铅的情况，以及20世纪土法坩埚炼铅的工艺流程；其次，总结近年来坩埚炼铅遗址的发现情况，通过坩埚和炉渣的分析来复原坩埚的制作工艺、铁还原法等技术；最后，阐述坩埚炼铅的技术特征，并探讨技术起源与发展等问题。 |
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| 英文摘要: | Crucible lead smelting, a traditional technology unique to China, refers to the production of lead by reducing lead sulfide with iron metal in crucibles. In recent years, a number of crucible lead production sites of the Liao-Jin-Yuan periods (tenth–fourteenth centuries CE) have been found in northern China, providing opportunities for the study of the technology. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of this technology based on the historical and archaeological evidence, with particular emphasis on the crucibles used. Firstly, it reviews the historical records on crucible lead smelting, and introduces, in detail, the technology used in Gansu during the Qing period (1644–1911) as well as indigenous methods used in the twentieth century; secondly, it summarizes the discoveries of crucible lead smelting sites in recent years, and reconstructs the manufacturing of crucibles and the iron reduction method by analysis of the crucible and slag; finally, it expounds the technical characteristics of crucible lead smelting, and explores the origin and development of the technology. | ||||||
