The International Workshop on Craft and Innovation in Modern Societies was jointly hosted by the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT), the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences (IHNS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Silk Museum (NSM) from June 1 to June 3, 2018 in NSM. Over thirty scholars, museum curators, social activists, and practitioners from China, India, Britain, the United States, Germany, Singapore, and Sweden attended the workshop to discuss the significance of craft and craft skills in the process of modernization and industrialization in the two largest Asian nations, China and India, and the relations between craft and innovation in these countries, where heritage and conservation, creativity and design, and maintenance, sustainability, and social equity have become national concerns.