The 1957 supplement of members of the academic divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was directed by the Academy’s Leading Party Group and Academy Council. Every academic division carried out specific operations. The initial candidates were deliberated on by each academic division and were decided by the Academy’s Leading Party Group and Council. During the decision process, the latter two organs rejected most candidates put forward by the Philosophy and Social Science Division, while those from the divisions of the natural sciences were mostly retained. The final selectees were collectively decided by members of each division and were adopted by the Standing Executive Committee of the Academy Council. Unlike the 1955 selection of members of academic divisions, the supplement mainly emphasized the candidates’ academic level rather than political criteria. At the same time, the principle of putting quality before quantity was implemented. The selection methods in the natural science fields were also earnestly conducted. However, as with the 1955 selection, the supplement not only had no strict regulations for the selection process, but also suffered from administrative intervention and political influences. The latter was reflected especially in the election of those scientists newly returned from abroad.